Imashanyarazi ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni transformateur y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ifotora kugirango ihindure urwego rwa voltage, ishyigikire imiyoboro ya gride, itanga amashanyarazi, kandi ifashe guhererekanya amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba neza kandi neza. Bikunze gukoreshwa hagati yizuba, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza, hamwe na gride yingirakamaro.
Mu mushinga w'izuba, modul ya Photovoltaque itanga amashanyarazi ya DC. Inverter ihindura izo DC imbaraga muri AC power. Nyuma yo guhinduka, voltage ya AC irashobora gukenera kongererwa imbaraga cyangwa kumenyera mbere yuko ikoreshwa nikigo cyangwa igashyikirizwa gride. Aha niho a imirasire y'izuba igira uruhare runini.
Impamvu Imirasire y'izuba ikeneye abahindura
Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo gufotora yubucuruzi akenshi itanga amashanyarazi kuri voltage idahuye na gride cyangwa ikwirakwizwa rya voltage. Transformator ikemura ibyo bidahuye mukuzamura voltage hejuru cyangwa hepfo.
Kurugero, inverter irashobora gusohora ingufu nke za AC nka 400V, 480V, 600V, cyangwa 800V. Transformator irashobora gutera iyi voltage kugeza kuri voltage yo hagati, nka 6kV, 10kV, 11kV, 13.8kV, 33kV, cyangwa urundi rwego rusabwa.
Ihinduka rya voltage rifasha kugabanya amashanyarazi mugihe cyo kohereza, gutakaza insinga nke, no gutuma izuba ryihuza nibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi byaho.
Uburyo Imirasire y'izuba ikora
Transformator ikora binyuze muri electromagnetic induction. Ifite ibanze nicyiciro cya kabiri cyashyizwe hafi ya rukuruzi. Iyo AC inyuze mumurongo wibanze, ikora umurima wa magneti. Uyu murima utera voltage mumurongo wa kabiri.
Ikigereranyo cyo guhinduranya hagati yizunguruka kigena niba transformateur intambwe ya voltage hejuru cyangwa hepfo.
Muri sisitemu y'izuba, transformateur irashobora gukora imirimo myinshi:
- Kuzamura inverter isohoka voltage ya gride ihuza
- Kumanura voltage kumitwaro yaho
- Tanga kwigunga hagati ya inverter na grid
- Shigikira igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu
- Mugabanye ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi
- Kunoza guhuza hamwe na sisitemu yo kurinda no kurinda
A imirasire y'izuba bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije inverter, voltage voltage, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu, hamwe nurubuga.
Ubwoko Bukuru bwa Transformers zikoreshwa mumirasire y'izuba
Inverter Intambwe-Hejuru Guhindura
Ubu ni bumwe mu bwoko bwa transformateur bukunze gukoreshwa mu mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Itera hejuru ya voltage ya AC kuva muri inverter kugeza murwego rwo hagati ya voltage ikwiranye na sisitemu yo gukusanya cyangwa imiyoboro ya gride.
Impinduka
Impinduramatwara ya padi ikoreshwa mubusanzwe hanze yubucuruzi ninganda zingana nizuba. Bashyizwe kumpapuro zifatika kandi zihujwe nubutaka cyangwa hejuru yubutaka.
Ubwoko bwumye
Impinduka zumye zikoresha gukoresha ubukonje bwumwuka hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye aho gukoresha amavuta. Bakunze gukoreshwa mu nzu cyangwa mu bice birimo amavuta.
Guhindura Amavuta
Impinduka zashizwe mumavuta zikoresha amavuta yo gukonjesha mugukonjesha no kubika. Zikoreshwa cyane mumishinga minini yizuba yo hanze kuko ishobora gukora ubushobozi buhanitse kandi igatanga imikorere yubushyuhe bwiza.
Guhindura akato
Transformator yo kwigunga itandukanya imashanyarazi mugihe cyohereza ingufu. Mu gukoresha imirasire y'izuba, irashobora gukoreshwa aho gukenera amashanyarazi, kugenzura ubutaka, cyangwa guhuza ibikoresho.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga imirasire y'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba irema uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora, so transformateur yibibazo.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:
- Gukora neza
- Ikigereranyo cya voltage ikwiranye
- Kosora ubushobozi bwa kVA cyangwa MVA
- Guhuza nibisohoka
- Sisitemu ikomeye
- Igishushanyo gikonje gikwiye
- Igihombo gito
- Urusobekerane rwujuje gahunda
- Kurinda ikirere hanze iyo bikenewe
- Kurwanya guhuza no guhangayika
- Guhuza umutekano byizewe
- Kuramba kuramba
Kuberako umusaruro wizuba uhinduka umunsi wose, transformateur irashobora guhura numutwaro uhindagurika. Igomba gukora neza ntabwo ari umutwaro wuzuye gusa, ariko kandi no mubice byumutwaro.
Imirasire y'izuba na Transformer isanzwe
Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kugaragara nkikwirakwizwa risanzwe, ariko imikorere yayo irashobora kuba itandukanye.
Imirasire y'izuba akenshi ikora:
- Guhindura imitwaro kenshi
- Inverter-yakozwe-ihuza
- Umusaruro mwinshi kumanywa hamwe nuburemere buke bwijoro
- Kugaragara hanze
- Urusobemiyoboro rusabwa
- Hindura imbaraga zitemba muri sisitemu zimwe
- Amagare yubushyuhe
- Ibidukikije bya kure
Kubera izo mpamvu, guhitamo transformateur bigomba gutekereza kuri sisitemu yizuba yuzuye, ntabwo ari voltage nubushobozi gusa.
Nigute Wapima Imirasire y'izuba
Ingano iterwa nibisohoka byose biva muri inverter, amashanyarazi ya AC, imbaraga zamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya gride, ibisabwa birenze urugero, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, hamwe nuburyo bwa sisitemu.
Inzira ifatika yo guhitamo igomba gusubiramo:
- Ubushobozi bwa inverter AC yose
- Umuvuduko wibanze
- Umuvuduko wa kabiri
- Icyiciro ninshuro
- kVA cyangwa MVA
- Impedance
- Uburyo bukonje
- Ubushyuhe buzamuka
- Ibirimo
- Uburyo bwo gushingiraho
- Ibikoresho byo gukingira
- Uburebure bwo kwishyiriraho
- Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije
- Ahantu h'imbere cyangwa hanze
- Ibipimo bikurikizwa
Transformator ni nto cyane irashobora gushyuha cyangwa kugabanya sisitemu isohoka. Transformator nini cyane irashobora kongera ikiguzi no kugabanya imikorere yumutwaro woroheje. Ingano nziza iringaniza umutekano, imikorere, nibikorwa birebire.
Aho Imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwa
Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kuboneka mubikorwa byinshi bifotora, harimo:
- Imirasire y'izuba ingirakamaro
- Sisitemu yo hejuru yinzu ya PV
- Imirasire y'izuba
- Imirasire y'izuba-yongeyeho-kubika
- Microgrid
- Imirasire y'izuba
- Imirasire y'izuba
- Sisitemu yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa
- Imiyoboro ihujwe na sitasiyo
Muri sisitemu ntoya yo guturamo, transformateur itandukanye ntishobora guhora igaragara kuko inverter na gride ihuza igishushanyo gishobora gukemura ibibazo bya voltage muburyo butandukanye. Muri sisitemu nini, impinduka mubisanzwe ni ngombwa.
Ibitekerezo byo Kubungabunga
A imirasire y'izuba bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango bikomeze gukora neza kandi neza. Ibisabwa byo kubungabunga biratandukanye kubwoko bwa transformateur hamwe nibidukikije.
Igenzura risanzwe ririmo:
- Gukurikirana ubushyuhe
- Urwego rwa peteroli nuburyo bwa peteroli kubice byuzuye amavuta
- Kurwanya insulation
- Gukomera
- Imiterere
- Sisitemu yo gukonjesha
- Urusaku no kunyeganyega
- Ibimenyetso byo gushyuha
- Kwinjira
- Ruswa
- Igikoresho cyo gukingira
Kubungabunga neza birashobora kugabanya igihe cyagenwe no kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Amakosa Rusange yo Kwirinda
Ikosa rimwe risanzwe ni uguhitamo transformateur ishingiye kubushobozi gusa. Ikigereranyo cya voltage, impedance, hasi, guhuza, gutakaza, hamwe nibidukikije byubaka nabyo ni ngombwa.
Irindi kosa ni ukwirengagiza ibiranga inverter. Ibisohoka bivamo bishobora kuba birimo ibice bihuza hamwe ningaruka zo guhindura bisaba igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye.
Ikosa rya gatatu ni ukwirengagiza imikorere yumutwaro igice. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye bwo gusohora, bityo imikorere-igihombo gito irashobora kugira ingaruka kumusaruro wigihe kirekire.
Umwanzuro
Imashanyarazi ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cy'amashanyarazi gihindura urwego rwa voltage, rushyigikira imiyoboro ya gride, rutanga ubwigunge, kandi rufasha ingufu z'izuba kugenda neza kuva muri inverter kugera kubakoresha cyangwa umuyoboro w'ingirakamaro.
Uburenganzira imirasire y'izuba igomba guhuza ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, ibisohoka muri inverter, amashanyarazi ya gride, uburyo bwo guhagarara, ibisabwa byo gukonjesha, hamwe nibidukikije. Guhitamo neza guhindura transformateur bizamura sisitemu yo kwizerwa, gukoresha ingufu, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyumushinga wizuba.
Kumashanyarazi yibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru, sura JS Ningyi.
